专业英语八级模拟试卷823(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级模拟试卷823 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITING

PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)

SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.

听力原文： Strategies for Writing a Literature Review Good morning, everyone. Last class we discussed what we should do before writing a literature review: today we will talk about strategies for writing the literature review. At first, we should find a focus. Because a literature review, like a term paper, is usually organized around ideas, not the sources themselves as an annotated bibliography would be organized.(1)This means that you will not just simply list your sources and go into detail about each one of them, one at a time. No. As you read widely but selectively in your topic area, consider instead what themes or issues connect your sources together. Do they present one or different solutions? Is there an aspect of the field that is missing? Do they reveal a trend in the field? Pick one of these themes to focus the organization of your review. (2)Secondly, use the focus you’ve found to construct a thesis statement. Yes, Literature reviews have thesis statements as well. However, your thesis statement will not necessarily argue for a position or an opinion: rather it will argue for a particular perspective on the material. Some sample thesis statements for literature reviews are as follows: The current trend

in treatment for congestive heart failure combines surgery and medicine. (3)You’ve got a focus, and you’ve narrowed it down to a thesis statement. Thirdly, you consider organization. What is the most effective way of presenting the information? What are the most important topics, subtopics, etc., that your review needs to include? And in what order should you present them? Develop an organization for your review at both a global and local level: Just like most academic papers, literature reviews also must contain at least three basic elements: an introduction or background information section:(4)the body of the review containing the discussion of sources: and, finally, a conclusion to end the paper. OK, let’s come to the fourth part: organizing the body. Once you have the basic categories in place, then you must consider how you will present the sources themselves within the

body of your paper. Create an organizational method to focus this section even further. (5)To help you come up with an overall organizational framework for your review,

consider the following scenario and then three typical ways of organizing the sources into a review: You’ve decided to focus your literature review on materials dealing with sperm whales. This is because you’ve just finished reading Moby Dick, and you wonder if that whale’s portrayal is really real. You start with some articles about the physiology of sperm whales in biology journals written in the 1980’s. Then you look up a book written in 1968 with information on how sperm whales have been portrayed in other forms of art, as the whale hunters in the late 19th century used to do. This makes you wonder about American whaling methods during the time portrayed in Moby Dick, so you find some academic articles published in the last five years on how accurately Herman Melville portrayed the whaling scene in his novel. If your review follows the chronological method, you could write about the materials above according to when they were published. There is relatively no continuity among subjects here. And notice that even though the sources on sperm whales in other art and on American whaling are written recently, they are about other subjects/objects

that were created much earlier. Thus, the review loses its chronological focus. (6)In the process of using chronological method, you can order your sources by publication chronology, then, only if the order demonstrates a more important trend. For instance, you could order a review of literature on biological studies of sperm whales if the progression revealed a change in dissection practices of the researchers who wrote and/or conducted the studies. On the other hand, a better way to organize the above sources chronologically is to examine the sources under another trend, such as the history of whaling. Then your review would have subsections according to eras within this period. (7)However, progression of time may still be an important factor in a thematic review. For instance, the sperm whale review could focus on the development of the harpoon for whale hunting. While the study focuses on one topic, harpoon technology, it will still be organized chronologically. The only difference here between a “chronological” and a “thematic” approach is what is emphasized the most: the development of the harpoon or the harpoon technology. But more authentic thematic reviews tend to break away from chronological order. (8)A methodological approach differs from the two above in that the focusing factor usually does not have to do with the content of the material. Instead, it focuses on the “methods” of the researcher or writer. For the sperm whale project, one methodological approach would be to look at cultural differences between the portrayal of whales in American, British, and French art work. Or the review might focus on the economic impact of whaling on a community.(9)A methodological scope will influence either the types of documents in the review or the way in which these documents are discussed. Of course, once you’ve decided on the organizational method for the body of the review, the sections you need to include in the paper should be easy to figure out. They should arise out of your organizational strategy. Sometimes, though, you might need to add additional sections that are necessary for your study, but do not fit in the organizational strategy of the body. What other sections you include in the body is up to you. Put in only what is necessary. Here are a few other sections you might want to consider: 1)Current Situation: Information necessary to understand the topic or focus of the literature review: 2)History: The

chronological progression of the field, the literature, or an idea that is necessary to understand the literature review, if the body of the literature review is not already a chronology:(10)3)Standards: The criteria you used to select the sources in your literature review or the way in which you present your information. For instance, you might explain that your review includes only peer-reviewed articles and journals: 4)Questions for Further Research: What questions about the field has the review sparked? How will you further your research as a result of the review? OK, in today’s lecture, we looked at strategies for the literature review. In our next lecture, we will learn a few guidelines you should follow during the writing stage. Thank you for your attention.

Strategies for Writing a Literature Review A literature review discusses published information in a particular subject area. If we want to write it well, we should take the following strategies.I. Find a focusreason: not simply list the【B1】______, but go into detail around ideas【B1】______II. Construct a【B2】______【B2】______requirement: a particular perspective about the materialIII. Consider【B3】______【B3】______introduction: a topicbody: the【B4】______of sources【B4】______conclusions: the end of the paperIV. Organizing the bodyA. a【B5】______: materials on sperm whales【B5】______B. three typical methodschronological method: progression of time disadvantage: no continuity among subjects - -by【B6】______【B6】______reveal a change in dissection practices - -by trendhave subsections according to erasC.【B7】______ method: focus on a topic【B7】______an important factor: progression of timemore authentic thematic reviews: no chronological orderD.【B8】______method: focus on the methods【B8】______influence of methodological【B9】______:【B9】______1)the types of the documents2)the way of discussing documentsE. additional sectionscurrent situation history【B10】______【B10】______questions for further research

1． 【B1】

正确答案：sources

2． 【B2】

正确答案：thesis statement

3． 【B3】

正确答案：organization

4． 【B4】

正确答案：discussion

5． 【B5】

正确答案：scenario

6． 【B6】

正确答案：publication

7． 【B7】

正确答案：thematic

8． 【B8】

正确答案：methodological

9． 【B9】

正确答案：scope

10． 【B10】

正确答案：standards

SECTION B INTERVIEWDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.

听力原文：M: With the hassles of life and other half hours in the day, more and more people are getting by on less and less sleep. What can you do to get more effective rest? Joining us now is Dr. Joanne Getsy, the medical director of Drexel Sleep Center. Dr. Getsy, welcome!W: Good morning!M: Good to have you here. We talk about insomnious people who can’t seem to get to sleep. Then you have folks, I think, I’m one of them who just don’t sleep because you’re just too busy. I meant to go to bed at nine last night. It was 22 : 30 before I climbed into bed. So how do you separate the two?W: Oh, I think most people who complain of trouble sleeping are really in your category. And there is just the 24-hour world. We have too much to do. And there is just not enough time for sleep.(1)And I think the important thing is that people don’t understand the importance of sleep. You know, we exercise and we eat right and we try to do what is right for us. But we forget that sleep is as important as all of those.M: It is not a luxury. It’s a health thing.(2)The National Institute of Health says 10% to 15% of the general population struggles with chronic insomnia. And

some of those people do fall in the category of, they can’t sleep, as much as they try, they can’t.W: That’s right!(2)And when we see them as sleep specialists, we can usually determine from what they tell us, whether they really have insomnia and have trouble sleeping, from a true sleep disorder or whether they just can’t seem to find the time for sleep.M: Alright.(2)Primary insomnia, again, these are people who can’t sleep enough because of the health condition. But they simply can’t get to sleep. You have got some advice for them, including “To stay asleep, you must stay awake.”W: Yes!(3)Well, the important thing is to keep a schedule. People have trouble sleeping really need to keep the schedule where they schedule when their sleep is going to be. And what we try to work with them, we try to find the time when you’re gonna be asleep and the time we must stay awake. Set a bedtime and don’t lie awake in bed.M: Even, even in fact I’m not tired until 3 a.m.?W: Exactly! And we actually make a schedule and that means there is no point in lying in bed for 2 hours. Your mind wants to see production. Trying to learn to sleep is a long process and it takes a lot of dedication you have to stick with it. And don’t give up.M: Let’s talk about something you call “sleep hygiene”—the tips you say anyone can use to improve their habits.(4)”Make sleep a priority”. And then let’s get back to people like me. Right?W: Well, that’s hard. I mean we have so many responsibilities in the world. But if you find that your sleeplessness is disturbing the way you feel during the day, then you have to make it a priority.M: And then(4)”Make your bedroom comfortable”. We are talking mattress and pillow or lighting.W: Well, both! I mean all of the above that needs to be comfy and cozy, and(4)you shouldn’t have your computer in your bedroom, and you shouldn’t be paying your bills while you are lying in bed. It ought to be comfortable and inviting.M: We all know that caffeine will keep us awake. But you say “Don’t have caffeine after lunch”. Someone going to bed at nine or ten, I mean does it really stay, stay with them that long?W: Caffeine can stay with you up to 10 hours. And so you have to make sure you stop if it’s bothering you and if you have trouble sleeping.(4)You shouldn’t have caffeine after lunchtime.M: I’m reading the next tip. I hate to tell you that in about an hour I am gonna be taking a nap, but you say “Don’t take a nap during the day. “W: Well, I think naps are good. If they are people like you, you have a crazy schedule and you can’t get to sleep and maybe tonight you have something else that you have to do. And I think in that type of situation, a nap is good. It’s gonna revive you.M: Do you like a twenty-minute nap or two-hour nap? I mean is too much bad?W:(5)Too much is too bad. You have to keep it less than 45 minutes. Because if you take a nap that’s longer than that, you will end up getting deep sleep then you wake up feeling worse instead of better.M: Alright. Dr.Getsy, it’s good to have you here, I think last time you heard I say there’s news to sleep on. I won’t say that again. Joanne, thank you for being here with us, good to have you on.W: Nice to see you.

11． According to Dr. Getsy, most people who complain of trouble in sleeping are those who

A．have the disease of chronic insomnia. B．don’t know the importance of sleep. C．exercise less and eat more.

D．always stay awake in bed.

正确答案：B

12． Which of the following is NOT a symptom of insomnia? A．They can’t sleep as much as they try. B．They have a true sleep disorder.

C．They can’t sleep enough because of the health condition. D．They don’t have time to sleep.

正确答案：D

13． According to Dr. Getsy, the advice for people who have trouble sleeping is to

A．keep relaxed.

B．lie in bed for 2 hours. C．have a good mood.

D．make a schedule and keep it.

正确答案：D

14． Which of the following is NOT a tip for getting a good sleep? A．Making your bedroom comfortable. B．Making sleep a priority.

C．Not having your computer in your bedroom. D．Having caffeine after lunchtime

正确答案：D

15． According to Dr. Getsy, you should have a nap A．more than 2 hours. B．less than 45 minutes. C．about 20 minutes. D．about 30 minutes.

正确答案：B

SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.

听力原文： In parts of the world where it is summer time and schools are out, many kids go to camps for different activities and fun. In Africa, there is a growing trend among U.S.-based aid groups to organize HIV/AIDS awareness camps. These

camps also try to empower children affected by the disease. The British-based group A-VERT says most children living with HIV/AIDS, almost nine in ten, live in sub-Saharan Africa. In the 15 to 19 age group in South Africa, the latest figures from 2009 indicate more than 13 percent were infected with HIV. In Rwanda, where more than 170,000 people are estimated to be living with the disease, the U. S. -based group CHF International is also organizing a series of camps for AIDS orphans and other vulnerable children.(6)With the help from local organizations and Peace Corps volunteers, camp participants get tested for HIV, receive health education and also work on a personal plan for their future.

16． According to the news item, people can get the following help from the HIV/AIDS camps EXCEPT

A．having HIV tests.

B．learning health knowledge. C．setting up personal future plans. D．preparing for future work.

正确答案：D

听力原文： A car bomb exploded early Tuesday in front of a police station in Londonderry, Northern Ireland, but there were no injuries, police said.(7)Police later said it was a 200-pound bomb. They had received a warning that it would explode in 45 minutes, but it went off in about half that time. If officers hadn’t moved in quickly to evacuate those in the immediate area, they said, the bomb would have caused deaths. (8)The blast happened after two men, one of whom had a gun, hijacked a taxi in the early hours of the morning and placed an object inside the vehicle, the Police Service of Northern Ireland said. They told the driver to head toward the Strand Road Police Station. The driver got out of the taxi before the device exploded at 3 : 20 a. m. , and the blast damaged the station and several homes in the area. A series of such attacks has been reported in Northern Ireland this year, but none has caused serious injuries. The attacks are often blamed on dissidents who oppose the 1998 Good Friday peace settlement. There have been no claims of responsibility for Tuesday’s bombing.

17． The bomb that exploded outside the police station A．killed only two men. B．was a 200-pound one. C．exploded in rush hours. D．was placed under a car.

正确答案：B

18． We can learn from the news item that the taxi driver A．was forced to drive to the police station. B．informed the police about the explosion.

C．was badly wounded because of the explosion.

D．tried to get the object out of the car but failed.

正确答案：A

听力原文： (9)The fiery June 24 collision between a tractor-trailer and an Amtrak train near Reno, which left six people dead and about 20 injured, showed stunning destructive power. But for Operation Lifesavers Inc. , an organization that works to prevent collisions on and around railroad tracks, the crash was a particularly tragic example of an all-too-common occurrence on the nation’s roadways: Since the Reno crash, there have been at least four other fatal truck-train collisions across the USA, plus at least two other non-fatal crashes, according to the company. (10)Now, the group is offering professional drivers a short, online, interactive safety course designed to help them make sound decisions at railroad crossings. Since June 9, about 15,000 truck drivers have taken the course, OL1 spokeswoman Marmie Edwards says. The group hopes to reach 100,000 drivers this year and eventually all professional truckers, who number about 3.5 million, according to the industry group American Trucking Associations. “It’s basically like a video game, but it’s a safety video game,” Edwards says. In a simulated driving environment, drivers are exposed to worst-case scenarios that require quick thinking and critical decision-making, she says.

19． Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

A．The Reno collision caused six deaths and 20 people injured. B．The tractor-trailer driver was responsible for the accident. C．Collisions on and around railroad tracks were not rare.

D．Since the Reno crash, there have been six such collisions in the US.

正确答案：B

20． Operation Lifesavers Inc. is an organization that A．was first founded by railroad companies. B．has designed an online course for drivers. C．has helped 15,000 drivers to get their licenses.

D．collects membership fees from professional truckers.

正确答案：B

PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

At Harvard College in September, a controversy erupted over the adoption of a “freshman pledge,” which for the first time asked incoming students to sign a

commitment to act with respect, integrity, and kindness in order to “promote understanding.” Libertarian commentator Virginia Postrel, wrote that “treating ‘kindness’ as the way to civil discourse doesn’t show students how to argue with accuracy and respect. “ Harry R. Lewis, a former dean of Harvard College and someone with an excellent perspective on undergraduate education, warned that it impinged on freedom of thought and that “a student would be breaking the pledge if she woke up one morning and decided it was more important to achieve intellectually than to be kind.” Has empathy become the new scapegoat in the long-standing concern about academic attainment in American schools? Books like Academically Adrift chart the decline in academic rigor on American college campuses, citing the plummeting hours that students spend on studying and critical thinking skills. But there’s also been a troubling, and concurrent decrease in empathy over the past thirty years. A study of 14,000 college students published in Personality and Social Psychology Review in 2011 showed that the majority of college students today are less empathetic than their predecessors of prior decades. And other research even shows that education(like medical school!)can actually wring the empathy out of students. Many people are squeamish about calls to increase empathy in young people because they wrongly assume that the ability to empathize is incompatible with traits like logic, reason, and impartiality. We’ve now entered a debate about how nice we should be or, rather, how nice we can afford to be and still stay competitive as a society, clinging to the pernicious belief that anything beneficial to young people must be painful and that we are in a rat race that is a zero-sum game. In fact, there need be no tradeoff, at Harvard or anywhere else, between intellectual rigor and kindness. This is a false dichotomy, like the belief that a sick person must choose between a competent doctor and a humane one. Indeed, empathetic behavior listening well, for example actually makes a doctor better able to diagnose and treat illness, and studies show that when doctors are empathetic, their patients need less medication to relieve pain and less time to heal wounds. People often equate empathy with gentleness and passivity. But empathy is really just a cognitive walk in another person’s shoes. An empathetic person is, fundamentally, a curious and imaginative person. Empathy involves a search for understanding. And we need today’s students to understand the world better in order to respond to its seemingly intractable problems. Many educators agree that the intellectual skills required for the 21st century depend on not only a mastery of facts and figures, but also on complex communication, flexibility, collaboration, adaptability, and innovation. We live in a more open society than ever, with greater mixing of people and ideas. The ability to master a new language, to translate scientific findings into policy, or to weave the concerns of one field into the terms of another(the way a Macintosh computer melds engineering and design), requires students to step outside of their own life experience and habits of mind. Steve Jobs had empathy for his customers. Of course, we can always find examples of world-class thinkers who are oblivious to people’s feelings. But that doesn’t negate the fact that the vast majority of students will need to assume the perspective of others in order to get ahead in life. We can call this empathy. Or we can call it 21st century learning. It’s both. Empathy doesn’t always lead to more moral

behavior, but it can lead to more intelligent behavior.

21． Virginia Postrel’s attitude towards the adoption of a “freshman pledge” is A．favorable. B．scrupulous. C．incredulous. D．impartial.

正确答案：C

解析：态度题。

22． “ ...education(like medical school])can actually wring the empathy out of students”(Para. 2)probably means that

A．college students possess less EQ than their predecessors. B．college students are trained to be blessed with much empathy. C．college students are forced to show empathy for others. D．college students need to show more empathy for others.

正确答案：C

解析：语义题。

23． The author believes that

A．empathy doesn’t affect college students’ performance.

B．empathy contributes to the development of logic and reason. C．a doctor must be a person with great empathy and skills. D．a doctor’s empathy is more effective than medication.

正确答案：B

解析：推断题。

24． According to the passage, an empathetic person can be all the following EXCEPT

A．smart. B．ethical. C．creative. D．inquisitive.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。

25． The author wants to argue in the passage

A．that being kind and being smart are not mutually exclusive. B．whether Harvard’s “freshman pledge” should be adopted or not.

C．that empathy has become the new scapegoat of academic decline. D．when the debate over Harvard’s “freshman pledge” will be ended.

正确答案：A

解析：主旨题。本文开篇提到引发作者讨论的“新生承诺”事件。

The town itself is dreary: not much is there except the cotton mill, the two-room houses where the workers live, a few peach trees, a church with two colored windows, and a miserable main street only a hundred yards long. On Saturdays the tenants from the near-by farms come in for a day of talk and trade. Otherwise the town is lonesome, sad, and like a place that is far off and estranged from all other places in the world. The nearest train stop is Society City, and the Greyhound and White Bus Lines use the Forks Falls Road which is three miles away. The winters here are short and raw, the summers white with glare and fiery hot. If you walk along the main street on an August afternoon there is nothing whatsoever to do. The largest building, in the very center of the town, is boarded up completely and leans so far to the right that it seems bound to collapse at any minute. The house is very old. There is about it a curious, cracked look that is very puzzling until you suddenly realize that at one time, and long ago, the right side of the front porch had been painted, and part of the wall—but the painting was left unfinished and one portion of the house is darker and dingier than the other. The building looks completely deserted. Nevertheless, on the second floor there is one window which is not boarded: sometimes in the late afternoon when the heat is at its worst a hand will slowly open the shutter and a face will look down on the town. It is a face like the terrible dim faces known in dreams—sexless and white, with two gray crossed eyes which are turned inward so sharply that they seem to be exchanging with each other one long and secret gaze of grief. The face lingers at the window for an hour or so, then the shutters are closed once more, and as likely as not there will not be another soul to be seen along the main street. These August afternoons—when your shift is finished there is absolutely nothing to do: you might as well walk down to the Forks Falls Road and listen to the chain gang. However, here in this very town there was once a cafe. And this old boarded-up house was unlike any other place for many miles around. There were tables with cloths and paper napkins, colored streamers from the electric fans, great gatherings on Saturday nights. The owner of the place was Miss Amelia Evans. But the person most responsible for the success and gaiety of the place was a hunchback called Cousin Lymon. One other person had a part in the story of this cafe—he was the former husband of Miss Amelia, a terrible character who returned to the town after a long term in the penitentiary, caused ruin, and then went on his way again. The cafe has long since been closed, but it is still remembered. The place was not always a cafe. Miss Amelia inherited the building from her father, and it was a store that carried mostly feed, guano, and staples such as meal and snuff. Miss Amelia was rich. In addition to the store she operated a still three miles back in the swamp, and ran out the best liquor in the county. She was a dark, tall woman with bones and muscles like a man. Her hair was cut short and brushed back from the

forehead, and there was about her sunburned face a tense, haggard quality. She might have been a handsome woman if, even then, she was not slightly cross-eyed. There were those who would have courted her, but Miss Amelia cared nothing for the love of men and was a solitary person. Her marriage had been unlike any other marriage ever contracted in this county—it was a strange and dangerous marriage, lasting only for ten days, that left the whole town wondering and shocked. Except for this queer marriage, Miss Amelia had lived her life alone. Often she spent whole nights back in her shed in the swamp, dressed in overalls and gum boots, silently guarding the low fire of the still.

26． The town can be described with all the following words EXCEPT A．desolate. B．disgusting. C．insipid. D．melancholy.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。

27． Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the town? A．The town seems to be in a terribly run-down state. B．The weather of the town is agreeable in winter. C．The largest building is on the brink of collapse.

D．In summer, people can see a figure in the largest building.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。

28． It can be inferred from the passage that A．the cafe attracted a lot of people to go there.

B．the cafe was the place where men met and talked. C．the cafe was the largest building in the past. D．Cousin Lymon was Amelia Evans’ ex-husband.

正确答案：A

解析：推断题。

29． According to the passage, Miss Amelia was A．a woman of handsome countenance. B．negligent of other men’s courtship. C．hurt badly by the marriage that failed. D．ambitious to become famous and rich.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。

30． Which of the following adjectives best depicts the characteristics of Miss Amelia?

A．Perseverant. B．Eccentric. C．Sinister. D．Scclusive.

正确答案：D

解析：推断题。

Virtually every day of the year sees another art biennial opening somewhere in the world. The role of these exhibitions is to showcase contemporary art, attract affluent tourists and stimulate local culture. Most biennials are a sprawling mess and the worst look like commercial art fairs studded with brand-name trophies. However, those that succeed in making sense of some aspect of global culture can be both enlightening and memorable. This year’s Istanbul Biennial is a case in point. Poignant, relevant and intellectually engaging, it has managed to create a coherent exhibition out of works by 130 artists from 41 countries a rare achievement. The Istanbul Biennial is held in two huge former warehouses on the banks of the Bosporus. Untamed, the buildings would force viewers into a monotonous marathon of spectatorship. But the biennial’s curators, Adriano Pedrosa and Jens Hoffmann, enlisted the help of a master of exhibition design, a Japanese architect called Ryue Nishizawa, who has introduced new energy into the space by creating rooms of different sizes and marking off “exterior” spaces with corrugated-steel walls. As curators, Mr. Pedrosa and Mr. Hoffmann have also adopted an effective premise. Rather than using a theory or theme as a unifying rubric, the biennial has a muse Felix Gonzalez-Torres, an artist who died in 1996 and who was selected posthumously to be the official American representative at the 2007 Venice Biennale. Born in Cuba and educated in Puerto Rico, Gonzalez-Torres made minimalist conceptual works that were aesthetically innovative and politically sophisticated. Like its muse, the Istanbul Biennial is thoughtful rather than aggressive or sensationalist. “Activists spoon-feed messages but artists create works with layered meanings,” explains Mr. Pedrosa. The biennial also has an intelligent structure. There are five group shows around the main themes that inspired Gonzalez-Torres’ work love, death, abstraction, contested histories and territories. Each group show occupies a large grey room and acts as a hub for a cluster of solo shows featuring 50 artists, all in smaller white rooms. The elegant solution to the spaces stands in contrast to the names of the group shows, which repeat “Untitled” in an awkward manner. Nevertheless, it is moving to walk through the room called “ ‘Untitled’(Ross)” named after the artist’s longtime lover, Ross Laycock, who died in 1991 of Aids-related causes, like Gonzalez-Torres himself. The curators are right not to let themselves be overly distracted by the latest thing:

work made yesterday is not always the art that is most relevant to the present. They have chosen to include a range of historical artworks by women who they believe deserve greater recognition. For example, they have installed photo collages from Martha Rosler’s “Bringing the War Home” series, which were made during the Vietnam War between 1967 and 1972, but which still resonate because of America’s continuing presence in Iraq and Afghanistan. The Istanbul Biennial also gives solo shows to a number of exciting emerging artists. Many visitors were impressed with “Cabaret Crusades: The Horror Show File”, a video by Wael Shawky, an Egyptian artist, in which marionettes act out the story of the crusades from an Arab point of view. Also much discussed were “Tin Soldiers” by Ala Younis, a Jordanian, and “Historical Record Archive” by Dani Gal, an Israeli artist. It is interesting to view these works against the background of the recent political upheavals in the Middle East and to see the unexpected interaction between Arab artists and those from South America. Both areas are on the periphery of European modernity and the biennial’s artists have found much common ground over urban decay, disenfranchisement and the arbitrariness of national borders. Mr. Pedrosa and Mr. Hoffmann have played to their strengths, choosing more artists from South America than any other continent. It is a testament to the Turkish philanthropists who underwrite the biennial, particularly the Koc and Eczacibasi families, that the curators came under no pressure to include more local artists. Indeed, the stylish internationalism of the Istanbul Biennial feels entirely natural.

31． It can be inferred from the passage that A．most art biennials are contemptible. B．art biennials are encouraged to open.

C．art biennials of high quality are rare to see. D．there are too many bargains in art biennials.

正确答案：C

解析：推断题。根据选项巾的art biennials定位至首段。第三句指出大部分艺术双年展的现状令人失望，末句指出伊斯坦布尔双年展的成功很不寻常，说明成功的双年展很少见，可以判断[C]符合文意。

32． Which of the following is NOT true about the Istanbul Biennial? A．It takes viewers a long time to see the exhibits. B．Its architecture has been carefully designed. C．It has won much acclaim of the author. D．The curators have got a feasible plan.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。根据题干中的Istanbul Biennial定位至第二段首句。结合上下文，第二段前两句指出“TheIstanbul Biennial is held in two huge former warehouses on the banks of the Bosporus．Untamed…”，末句中提到“…enlisted the

help of a master of exhibition design，…marking off‘exterior’spaces with corrugated—steel walls”，可见Ryue Nishizawa设计的是内部空间，非建筑物本身，故[B]为答案。

33． The biennial has all the following features EXCEPT A．ingenious layout. B．reflective content. C．special perspective. D．popular themes.

正确答案：D

解析：推断题。由题干中的biennial，features定位至第五段。第五段第二句指出“There are five groupshows around the main themes that inspired Gonzolez—Torres’s work--love，death，abstraction，contestedhistories and territories．”，其中并未提及“popular”的主题，所以[D]是该艺术双年展没有的特点，故为答案。

34． The last paragraph suggests that

A．Mr. Pedrosa and Mr. Hoffmann come from South America. B．the artists are from the Arabic world and South America. C．European modernity exerts great pressure on other countries. D．the artists criticize urban decay and other social problems.

正确答案：A 解析：推断题。末段第三句指出“Mr．Pedrosa and Mr．Hoffmann have played to their strengths，choosingmore artists from South America than any other continent．”，紧接着作者又指出“It is a testament to theTurkish philanthropists who underwrite the biennial，particularly the Koc and Eczacibasi families，that thecurators came under no pressure to include more local artists．”，很显然more local artists就是指前面提到的more artists from South America．由此得出答案为[A]。

35． The purpose of the passage is to show that

A．the Istanbul Biennial is the most enlightening and memorable one. B．most art biennials are incoherent while Istanbul’s is an exception. C．the Istanbul Biennial presented the current trend of art.

D．art biennial holders should learn more from the Istanbul Biennial.

正确答案：B 解析：主旨题。本文开篇由art biennial引出现在双年展的质量不高这一观点，之后话锋一转，指出伊斯坦布尔双年展是为数不多的优质展览，之后全文都围绕伊斯坦布尔双年展进行说明，可见首段最后一句是全文主旨所在，[B]与该句含义相符，故为答案。

Short sharp terms make big points clear. But people often prefer to soften their speech with euphemism: a mixture of abstraction, metaphor, slang and

understatement that offers protection against the offensive, harsh or blunt. In 1945, in one of history’s greatest euphemisms, Emperor Hirohito informed his subjects of their country’s unconditional surrender with the words, “The war situation has developed not necessarily to Japan’s advantage.” Euphemisms range promiscuously, from diplomacy(“the minister is indisposed”, meaning he won’t be coming)to the bedroom(a grande horizontale in France is a notable courtesan). But it is possible to attempt a euphemistic taxonomy. One way to categorise them is ethical. In “Politics and the English Language”, George Orwell wrote that obfuscatory political language is designed “to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable”. Some euphemisms do distort and mislead: but some are motivated by kindness. Another way to typify them is by theme. A third—and a useful way to begin—is by nationality. A euphemism is a kind of lie, and the lies peoples and countries tell themselves are revealing. American euphemisms are in a class of their own, principally because they seem to involve words that few would find offensive to start with, replaced by phrases that are meaninglessly ambiguous: bathroom tissue for lavatory paper, dental appliances for false teeth, previously owned rather than used, wellness centres for hospitals, which conduct procedures not operations. As the late George Carlin, an American comedian, noted, people used to get old and die. Now they become first preelderly, then senior citizens and pass away in a terminal episode or(if doctors botch their treatment)after a therapeutic misadventure. These bespeak a national yearning for perfection, bodily and otherwise. The British are probably the world champions of euphemism. The best of these are widely understood(at least among natives), creating a pleasant sense of conspiracy between the euphemist and his audience. British newspaper obituaries are a rich seam: nobody likes to speak ill of the dead, yet many enjoy a hint of the truth about the person who has “passed away”. A drunkard will be described as “convivial” or “cheery”. Unbearably garrulous is “sociable” or the dread “ebullient”: “lively wit” means a penchant for telling cruel and unfunny stories. “Austere” and “reserved” mean joyless and depressed. Someone with a foul temper “did not suffer fools gladly”. Uncontrollable appetites of all sorts may earn the ultimate accolade: “He lived life to the full.” Such euphemisms are a pleasant echo of an age when private lives enjoyed a degree of protective discretion that now seems unimaginable in Britain. Writing about dead people is a question only of taste, because they can’t sue. Describing the living(especially in libel-happy jurisdictions such as England)requires prudence. “Thirsty” applied to a British public figure usually means heavy drinking: “tired and emotional”(a term that has moved from the pages of Private Eye, a satirical magazine, into general parlance)means visibly drunk. Euphemism is so ingrained in British speech that foreigners, even those who speak fluent English, may miss the signals contained in such bland remarks as “incidentally”(which means, “I am now telling you the purpose of this discussion”): and “with the greatest respect”(“You are mistaken and silly”). This sort of code allows the speaker to express anger, contempt or outright disagreement without making the emotional investment needed to do so directly. Some find that cowardly. Orwell was right: euphemisms can be sneaky and coercive. They cloak a decision’s unpleasant results, as in “let go” for “fire”, or “right-sizing” for “mass sackings”.

They make consequences sound less horrid—as, chillingly, in “collateral damage” for “dead civilians”. Such jargony, polysyllabic euphemisms, often using long Latinate words instead of short Anglo-Saxon ones, can quickly become an argot used by slippery-tongued, well-educated insiders to defend their privileges. With luck, the real word may fall into disuse and the humble outsider will feel intimidated by the floppy, opaque language that masks wrongdoing or shortcoming. How do you begin to complain if you don’t know the lingo? Politically correct euphemisms are among the most pernicious. Good and bad become “appropriate” or “inappropriate”. A ghastly problem becomes a less alarming “challenging issue”. Spending is investment: cuts are savings. “Affected by material error”(in European Union parlance)means money stolen from the budget. But euphemisms can also be benign, even necessary. Sometimes the need to prevent hurt feelings justifiably takes precedence over clarity. Saying that dim or disruptive children have “special needs”, or that they exhibit “challenging behaviour”, does not make them easier to teach—but it may prevent them being teased or disheartened. “Frail”(of an old person)is nicer than doddery or senile. Euphemisms may be a species of lie, but some of them are white. A culture without euphemism would be more honest, but rougher. Here’s a New Year’s resolution: scrub your conversation of euphemism for a day. The results will startle you.

36． The word “promiscuously”(Para.2)probably means A．augustly.

B．conspicuously. C．miscellaneously. D．simultaneously.

正确答案：C

解析：语义题。由题干直接定位至第二段首句，其中“range…from…”是一个固定搭配，意为“(范围)从……到……”从promiscuously后面的diplomacy和bedroom可以看出，委婉语的涵盖范围相当广，包含各种类型，miscel—laneously意为“混杂地”，符合此处语义关系，故[C]为答案。

37． Which of the following is INCORRECT of American euphemisms? A．They can reflect Americans’ mentality. B．They often use equivocal words or phrases. C．They have their special characteristics. D．They are particularly used in medical field.

正确答案：D 解析：推断题。由American euphemisms定位至第三段。倒数第二句提到“Now they become first preelder-ly，then senior citizens and pass away in a terminal episode or(if doctors botch their treatment)after atherapeutic misadventure．”，句中虽涉及医疗，但这只是举例作为支撑主题句的论据，由此无法得出[D]项结论，故为答案。

38． When hearing British euphemisms, native English may A．make out their connotations quite easily. B．occasionally make nothing of some of them. C．feel delighted mostly and confused sometimes. D．figure out immediately whether they are suitable.

正确答案：A

解析：推断题。由题干中的Blitish euphemisms定位至第四段。第二句指出使用委婉语是听众和说话者之间的共谋，说明双方均懂得该委婉语的含义，由此推断出[A]符合文意，故为答案。

39． Many euphemisms are exemplified in the passage to prove the author’s opinion that

A．euphemisms are lies that are revealing. B．euphemisms are a pleasant echo of an age. C．euphemisms can be secret and opaque.

D．euphemisms can be benign, even necessary.

正确答案：A 解析：篇章结构题。浏览全文可以看出第二至十段中含有许多委婉语的例子。第三段简单介绍美国式委婉语，而第四至六段分析英国式委婉语的特点。选项[A]出现在第二段末句“A euphemism is a kind of lie，andthe lies peoples and countries tell themselves are revealing．”根据英文的篇章结构特点可知，通常都是作者先表达观点，然后通过例证、引证等方法对观点加以说明，在第十段末句出现了“Euphemisms may be a speciesof lie，but some of them are white．”，这是典型的篇章上的首尾呼应，可见[A]为答案。

40． The author suggests that

A．we should stop using euphemisms. B．euphemisms bear a dual character. C．white lies are better than euphemisms. D．foreigners should learn more euphemisms.

正确答案：B

解析：推断题。末段首句指出“A culture without euphemism would be more honest，but rougher．”，结合最后两句“Here’s a New Year’s resolution：scrub your conversation of euphemism for a day．The results willstartle you．”可以看出，作者认为委婉语虽然是谎言，但其存在有必要性，可见具有两面性，故[B]为答案。

PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.

41． In Canada, the term of the Governor General is______years.

A．two B．four C．five D．seven

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查加拿大政治体制知识。加拿大总督(Governor General)任期五年，是英国女王在加拿大的常驻代表，代表女王执行国家行政权，其职位只是象征性的，而实权掌握在总理(Prime Minister)和内阁(Cabi—nets)手中。总理的任期同样也是五年。

42． Australia has possessed the second largest exportation of______in the world.

A．wool B．meat C．wheat D．coal

正确答案：B 解析：本题考查澳大利亚社会文化知识。澳大利亚是世界上第一大羊毛出口国，第二大肉类出口国，第三大小麦出口国，因此答案为[B]。

43． ______is the longest river in the U.S.A. A．Mississippi River B．Hudson River C．Colorado River D．Columbia River

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查美国地理知识。美国最长的河流是密西西比河(Mississippi River)。哈德逊河(HudsonRiver)是美国纽约州的大河，是纽约州的经济命脉。科罗拉多河(Colorado River)是美国西南方的河流。哥伦比亚河(Columbia River)是北美洲西部大河之一，源自加拿大南部落基山脉。

44． The capital of Wales is A．Edinburgh. B．Cardiff C．Manchester. D．London

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查英国地理知识。威尔士(Wales)的首府为卡迪夫(Cardiff)，是威尔士最大的城市，也是英国晤南部重要的港口。爱丁堡(Edinburgh)为苏格兰首府，也是苏格兰经济文化巾心。曼彻斯特(Manchester)位于英国英格兰西北地区，

是英国人口第二大城市。伦敦(London)是英国的首都，也是欧洲第一大城市和第一大港口。

45． ______among the following is one of the eminent works of Charles Dickens.

A．David Copperfield B．Vanity Fair

C．Jude the Obscure D．Heart of Darkness

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查英国文学知识。《大卫·科波菲尔》(David Copperfield)是查尔斯·狄更斯(CharlesDickens，1812—1870)的作品，其代表作还有：《雾都孤儿》(Oliver Twist)、《双城记》(A Tale of Two Cities)、《远大前程》(Great Expectations)。《名利场》(Vanity Fair)是英国19世纪杰出小说家威廉·麦克皮斯·萨克雷(William Makepeace Thackeray，1811—1863)的作品之一。《无名的裘德》(Jude the Obscure)是英国著名小说家托马斯·哈代(Thomas Hardy，1840—1928)的作品，其代表作还有《德伯家的苔丝》(Tess of theD’Urbervilles)。《黑暗之心》(Heart of Darkness)是英国小说家约瑟夫·康拉德(Joseph Conrad，1857—1921)的作品之一，其代表作还有《水仙号上的黑家伙》(The Negro on the Narcissus)、《吉姆老爷》(Lord Jim)等。

46． Which writer of the following presents the transcendentalism in his or her works?

A．Stephen Crane. B．Emily Dickinson.

C．William Dean Howells. D．O. Henry.

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查美国文学知识。艾米莉·狄金森(Emily Dickinson，1830—1886)是美国超验主义诗人，她的诗涉及了人类存在的基本问题，包括宗教、死亡、爱和自然等主题，其代表作有：《要描绘一片草原》(To Makea Prairie)、《最美妙的胜利感觉》(Success Is Counted Sweetest)等。斯蒂芬·克莱恩(Stephen Crane，1871—1900)和欧·亨利(O．Henry，1862—1910)是自然主义作家的代表人物。前者的代表作有：《街头女郎玛吉》(Maggie：A Girl of the Streets)、《红色英雄勋章》(The Red Badge of Courage)等。后者的代表作有：《警察与赞美诗》(The Cop and the Anthem)、《最后一片叶子》(The Last Leaf)、《麦琪的礼物》(The Gift of the Magi)等。威廉·迪恩·豪威尔斯(William Dean Howells，1837—1920)是现实主义作家，其代表作有：《威尼斯生活》(Venetian Life)、《批评与小说》(Criticism and Fiction)。

47． A______is a stanza, or a complete poem, consisting of four lines of verse. A．couplet

B．blank verse C．quatrain D．sonnet

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查文学知识。四行诗(quatrain)通常指一个诗节或一首四行诗。十四行诗(sonnet)是一种格律严谨的十四行抒情诗体，通常表达一个主题或思想。无韵体诗(blank verse)不用韵脚，但有韵律，仍是格律诗的一种。两行诗(couplet)指相连押韵并只有两行的诗，也可指对联。

48． ______is an inflectional category whose basic role is to indicate the time of an event, etc. in relation to the moment of speaking.

A．Modality B．Aspect C．Tense D．Mood

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查语言学知识。时态(Tense)是标明相对于说话时刻事件所发生的时间的屈折范畴。情态(Modality)就是包含着对一种言语行为或谈及之事的肯定程度的某种提示的范畴。体(Aspect)是相对于具体时间段而言，是区分事件地位的动词范畴的总称。语气(Mood)是区别情态的语法范畴，即Ⅸ分对行为或事件肯定程度的语法范畴。

49． “Can I borrow your pen?”______”You have a pen.” A．is inconsistent with B．entails

C．is contradictory with D．presupposes

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查语言学知识。蕴含(entailment)是指命题之间的意义关系，一个命题包含在另一个命题中，例如，“A：他去过中国”蕴含“B：他去过亚洲”。预设(presupposition)是一个命题以另一个命题为先决条件的意义关系，本题符合。矛盾(contradiction)指如果两个句子不能在同一语境中同时为真。不一致(inconsistency)：如果A和B不一致，就是说，如果A为真，B就为假；如果B为真，A就为假。

50． ______refers to the language system of an individual as expressed by the way he or she speaks or writes within the overall system of a particular language.

A．Idiolect B．Dialect C．Pidgin D．Creole

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查语言学知识。个人方言(Idiolect)是指个人在特定语言的整个体系内说或写所显示出来的语言体系。方言(Dialect)是指语言的一种变体，在一个国家的某个地区内使用或特定阶级的人使用。洋泾滨语(Pidgin)指操不同语言的群体在经常相互交际的过程中作为交际语言而发展起来的一种语言。克里奥语(Creole)指已成为某一群体的本族语的洋泾滨语，用于该群体全部或部分的日常交际。

PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)Directions: Proofread the given passage. The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:(1)For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.(2)For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write t

Language-based learning disabilities are problems with age-appropriate reading, spelling, and/or writing. This disorder is not about how smart aperson is. Most people diagnosed into learning disabilities have average to【M1】______superior intelligence. Dyslexia has been used to refer the specific learning【M2】______problem of reading. The term language-based learning disability, or justlearning disabilities, are better because of the relationship between spoken【M3】______and written language. Many children with reading problems have speaking【M4】______language problems. The child with dyslexia has trouble almost exclusively with the written word. The child who has dyslexia as part of a larger language learning disability has trouble with both the spoken and the writtenword. A speech-language pathologist is part of a team consisted of the par-【M5】______ents/caregivers and educational professionals. The SLP will evaluate spokenand written language for children who have been identified by his teachers【M6】______and parents as having difficulty. The goals of speech and language treatment for the child with a readingproblem target the specific aspects of reading and writing that a student is【M7】______missing. For example, if the student is able to read words and is unable to【M8】______understand the details of what has been read, comprehension is addressed. If younger students have difficulty distinguishing the different sounds that makeup words, treatment will focus on activities that support growing in this skill【M9】______area. Individualized programs are always relate to the school work. There-【M10】______fore, materials for treatment are taken from or are directly related to content from classes.

51． 【M1】

正确答案：into--with

解析：介词错误。be diagnosed with意思是“被诊断为……”，固定和介词with搭配，故将into改为with。

52． 【M2】

正确答案：refer∧—to 解析：介词缺失。refer to的意思是“指的是……”，refer必须和介词to搭配，故加上to。

53． 【M3】

正确答案：are--is

解析：主谓一致错误。这句话的真正主语为term，为单数名词，根据主谓一致原则，谓语动词必须用be动词的单数形式is。

54． 【M4】

正确答案：speaking--spoken

解析：固定搭配错误。spoken language的意思是“口语”，是一种固定搭配。speak和language之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词形式表示被动，故将speaking改为spoken。

55． 【M5】

正确答案：consisted—consisting

解析：非谓语动词错误。team和consist of之间是主动关系，应该使用现在分词形式作team的后置定语，故将consisted改为consisting。

56． 【M6】

正确答案：his--their

解析：代词错误。由于上文中提到的是children，此处表示的是“他们的老师”，故将his改为their。

57． 【M7】

正确答案：a—the

解析：冠词错误。上文中提到了student，故此处应为第二次提到，应该使用定冠词the。

58． 【M8】

正确答案：and—but

解析：连词错误。由于前文中提到be able to而后文中则是be unable to，表

转折．故将and改为but。

59． 【M9】

正确答案：growing—growth

解析：近义词误用。表示“成长”这一概念的名词应为growth，而非grow的动名词growing．故改为growth。

60． 【M10】

正确答案：relate—related

解析：固定搭配错误。be related to表示“和……有火”，故该处应将relate改为related。

PART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHDirections: Translate the following text into English.

61． 我先是被鸟的鸣声吵醒的。 是个夏日的清晨，大概有几十只小鸟在我窗外的槭树上集合了，除了麻雀的吱喳声之外，还有那种小绿鸟的嘤嘤声。我认得那种声音，年年都会有一两对小绿鸟来我的树上筑巢，在那一段时间里，我每天都能听到它们那种特别细又特别娇的鸣声．听了就让我想微笑、想再听。 屋子里面还留有昨夜的阴暗和幽凉。窗帘很厚，光线不容易透进来，可是．我知道，窗户外面一定有很好的太阳，因为，从鸟的鸣声里，可以听得出它们的雀跃和欢喜。 而且，孩子们也开始唱歌了，就在我的窗下。仔细分辨。唱歌的人有的是坐在矮墙上，有的是趴在树上。他们一面唱一面嬉笑，那种只有孩子们才能发出的细嫩的歌声，还有不时因为一种极单纯的快乐才能引起的咕咕格格的笑声，让睡在床上的我听了也不禁微笑起来。 原来，早起的孩子和早起的小鸟一样，是快乐得非要唱起歌来才行的啊!

正确答案： The darkness and the coldness of last night are still lingering in the room. And the curtain is too thick for light to penetrate. But outside the window, the sun must be bright and warm, for the twitter of birds tells me they are jumping for joy. The children begin to sing, too—right below my window. Listening carefully, 1 know some of them arc sitting on the low wall, and some are in the trees. They are singing and laughing merrily. The delicate voice which is only possessed by children, and the occasional gurgle caused by simple happiness make me smile involuntarily on bed.

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESEDirections: Translate the following text into Chinese.

62． The town itself, let us admit, is ugly. It has a smug, placid air and you

need time to discover what it is that makes it different from so many business centers in other parts of the world. How to conjure up a picture, for instance, of a town without pigeons, without any trees or gardens, where you never hear the beat of wings or the rustle of leaves a thoroughly negative place, in short? The seasons are discriminated only in the sky. All that tells you of spring’s coming is the feel of the air, or the baskets of flowers brought in from the suburbs by peddlers: it’s a spring cried in the market-places. During the summer the sun bakes the houses bone-dry, sprinkles our walls with grayish dust, and you have no option but to survive those days of fire indoors, behind closed shutters. In autumn, on the other hand, we have deluges of mud. Only winter brings really pleasant weather.

正确答案： 让我们承认吧，这个小镇是丑陋的。它的气氛自得而平静，而且，你需要花时间来搞清楚，它与世界上其他地方的许多商业中心有何不同。如何才能想象这样一幅图景呢：比如，一个没有鸽子，没有任何树木或花园的小镇，在那里听不到鸟儿振翅，也听不到树叶的沙沙声——简而言之，一个完全相反的地方?在这里，季节的差别只表现在不同的天空。要得知春天的来临只能通过空气的感觉，或是由小贩从郊区带来的一篮篮的鲜花；这里的春天是在市场上叫卖着的。在夏天，太阳把房子烤得干透，灰色的尘埃布满了墙壁，你别无选择，只有躲在屋里，在拉上的百叶窗后躲避那流火般的日子。而在秋天，这里则处处泥沙。只有冬季才带来真正令人愉悦的气候。

PART VI WRITING (45 MIN)Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic.

63． According to a survey on psychological factors in people’s decision to go through plastic surgeries, 34.4% of surgery clients are college students, among whom 60. 3% aim to increase their competitiveness in the job market. What is your view on this? Write an essay of about 400 words. In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

正确答案： Plastic Surgeries for College Students: Not the Right Choice, Not the Right Time Looking good is the aspiration of everyone, and the college students, who are at their prime time, are surely included. We have long heard that those who are not completely satisfied with their natural look would go under knifes to change how they look. But when college students are joining this trend, accounting for 34.4 percent of all surgeries according to a survey, it still provokes some discussion and debate. I personally do not believe it is a good idea for college students to go through plastic surgeries. When asked about their purpose of doing so, 60.3 percent of the college students claim that they believe a better look

means a better opportunity in job-hunting. It is understandable that some students or even their parents would think so. The media’s influence that you have to look good, the fierce competition in the job market and the misleading information spread by clinics are the main driving forces for this phenomenon. The students who are frustrated by the failures in job hunting, the parents who would do whatever to make their children live better and the promotions by many clinics to attract the graduates make surgery something that college graduates and their parents think about and talk about. As for my disapproval of college students having plastic surgeries, the most obvious reason is financial dependence on parents. Putting aside a small proportion of the college students who support or partially support themselves through part-time jobs, expensive clinical procedures paid by parents who have already spent a lot on their tuitions and living expenses are simply not acceptable for the majority of college students. As for the claim that a better prospect is needed in the job market, we have to really evaluate how much importance is attached to one’s appearance in job-hunting. With complicated factors affecting the outcome of a job interview, how can we be sure that appearances make the determining difference? And how can be certain that plastic surgery is the way out? And when we talk about college students, we should be realistic about how mature they are. They may be interested in one trend one day, and change what they like the next day. If plastic surgery is done, who is to guarantee that what they get from a procedure is what they really want and need for the rest of their life? Failure to get the desirable result is frustrating enough already, and when we think about the risks involved, there are simply more reasons why this is not such a good idea. To sum up, looking good is not the deciding factor in job hunting. And even for those who really want to have a plastic surgery, before graduation is not the time yet.