一、高中英语阅读理解教育文化类 1．阅读理解 Dear Mom,
The big question which shocked parents often ask their child after a confrontational(冲突) moment is, \"Where did you get this attitude from?\" I know you hate to admit it, but I get much of my determined and strong-willed nature from you.
Mom, I know it's hard dealing with the teenage anxiety and the ever-changing moods that come with raising a child. But you should also marvel at the fact that I've made it this far, that I'm healthy and happy.
When I was small, I would attend barbecues and family events and wander away from my parents. It wouldn't be long before someone would stop me to ask whether I was my mother's daughter.
\"Your mom is Melissa,\" they'd say, a warm smile on their faces. \"Is that Tight?\" I would nod. I think parents feel much hurt when their child talks back or defies them, I was shocked at this statement. To me, I acted nothing like you, Mom.
No one says, \"I know you're Melissa's daughter because of your eyes and nose\". It's the character traits(特点)that seal the deal. Dry wit, intelligence, and yes, maybe a little bit of attitude-these are the things I am grateful I have received from you. There's nothing wrong with having attitude.
Like for most black individuals, attitude is what defines you and me, and it's what keeps us from being mentally oppressed and defeated. Attitude is a non-violent form of protection and confrontation-where would we be in the world without this tool? Surely not where we are. Mom, when people ask me where I get my attitude from, I tell them: you. And when they ask me where I got my drive, my work ethic, my good hair, and my sense of humor, I say you as well. I will always say this.
When I'm asked why I am the way I am, why I refuse to allow others to hurt me with their words or actions and why I think and speak about things openly and without fear. I'll tell them it's because of you.
I'll complain to you about the arguments between us that leave me wondering about how God made us so much alike that we hardly even noticed. But I'll tell them about you.
Love, Malahni
（1）In this letter, Malahni mainly expressed her to her mother. A.complaint B.love C.argument D.anxiety
（2）People recognized Malahni as Melissa's daughter mainly because of her . A.appearance B.behavior
C.character traits D.race
（3）The underlined word \"defies\" in the 4th paragraph most probably means . A.refuses to obey B.agrees with C.takes pride in D.tries to understand
（4）Malahni can be a woman . A.easy to be oppressed and defeated B.hard to get along with
C.with a positive attitude towards life D.with violent confrontation 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）A （4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了作者母亲对于作者的人生态度的影响。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“I know you hate to admit it, but I get much of my determined and strong-willed nature from you.”我知道你不愿意承认这一点，但我从你身上学到了很多我的坚强意志；以及倒数第二段中的“When I'm asked why I am the way I am, why I refuse to allow others to hurt me with their words or actions and why I think and speak about things openly and without fear. I'll tell them it's because of you.”当我被问及为什么我是现在的我，为什么我拒绝让别人用他们的言语或行动伤害我，为什么我公开地、毫无畏惧地思考和谈论事情。我会告诉他们是因为你。可推知在这封信中，Malahni主要表达了她对母亲的爱。故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“It's the character traits that seal the deal. Dry wit, intelligence, and yes, maybe a little bit of attitude-these are the things I am grateful I have received from you. There's nothing wrong with having attitude.”是性格特征让他们达成了共识。机智、智慧，是的，也许还有一点态度——这些是我从你那里得到的东西，我很感激。态度并没有错。可知人们认出Malahni是Melissa的女儿主要是因为她的性格特点。故选C。
（3）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“parents feel much hurt when their child talks back or”可知父母在他们的孩子顶嘴或反抗他们时感到很受伤，故划线单词意思为“反抗；拒绝服从”故选A。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“But you should also marvel at the fact that I've made it this far, that I'm healthy and happy.”但你也应该惊讶于我已经走了这么远，我很健康，很快乐。以及下文Malahni说明自己如何用自己的态度来使自己免于精神上的压迫和失败，可推知Malahni是一个对生活有积极态度的女人。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出
正确答案。
2．阅读理解
Brian Greene, a professor of physics and mathematics at Columbia University, has created an online science education platform. He tries to \"build a bridge\" with things you know about, and then \"bring you across that bridge to the strange place of modern physics\".
Recently I had a chance to ask Greene about wormholes (a hole which some scientists think might exist, connecting parts of space and time that are not usually connected), time travel and other mysteries of the universe. I asked him a million-dollar question: What if I went through a worm-hole and prevented my parents from meeting? \"Most of us believe that the universe makes sense,\" Greene said. Although there are several interesting theories about time travel, he added, the laws of physics would probably prevent something so illogical from taking place. The good news is that the time paradox (悖论) is open for future physicists to solve.
When asked how physics could become more exciting for kids, Greene said that books by Stephen Weinberg, Leonard Susskind, and other physicists,\" make it a great time for people who want to learn about big ideas but aren't yet ready, perhaps, to learn maths\".
When I pointed out that some students still might find physics boring, Greene said that the key is to teach them about things that are strange.\" The basic stuff is important,\" Greene said.\" But I think it's really important to also describe the more modern ideas, things like black holes and the Big Bang. If kids have those ideas in mind, then at least some of them will be excited to learn all the details.\"
Greene has followed Albert Einstein's lead in trying to solve the mysteries of the universe. Now he wants kids to do the same. As Greene said, physics is \"not just a matter of solving problems in an exam\". It's about experimenting, showing an interest in strange phenomena (现象)—and having fun!
（1）A million-dollar question is probably very . A.direct B.difficult C.personal D.long
（2）The books by Weinberg and Susskind . A.are boring to read B.are mainly about maths C.are popular science books D.are only popular among kids
（3）According to Paragraph 4,which of the following does Greene agree with? A.Modern physics is a boring subject. B.Interest plays an important role in studying. C.It is not necessary to learn all about physics. D.It is easy to describe black holes and the Big Bang. （4）In the last paragraph, Greene hopes that .
A.kids can love science and physics B.kids can do well in physics exams C.kids can have fun with experiments D.kids can find more strange things in life 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）B （4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，物理和数学教授Brian Greene希望更多的孩子可以对现代物理学感兴趣。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段Greene对这个问题的解释以及他说需要未来的物理学家去解决可知,作者提出的这个问题非常难。故选B。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“…books by…‘make it a great time for people who want to learn about big ideas but aren't yet ready, perhaps, to learn maths'.”可知,Greene认为Weinberg和Susskind等物理学家写的书浅显易懂,适合普通大众阅读,故这些书属于受欢迎的科普读物。故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段可知,当作者指出一些学生觉得物理无聊时,Greene说重要的是向孩子们讲述一些稀奇古怪的事,并描述一些诸如黑洞和宇宙大爆炸的现代物理现象,如果孩子们知道了这些,他们中的一些就愿意了解所有详细的内容。因此可推知他认为兴趣在学习过程中起着非常重要的作用。故选B。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Greene has followed Albert Einstein's lead in trying to solve the mysteries of the universe.Now he wants kids to do the same.”可知,Greene希望孩子们可以像他一样对科学和物理感兴趣,去探索宇宙的奥秘。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
In order to learn a foreign language well, four things are necessary. First, we must understand the language when we hear it spoken. Secondly, we must be able to speak it ourselves, with confidence and without hesitation(犹豫). Thirdly, we must do much reading. Finally, we must be able to write it. We must be able to make sentences that are correct in grammar.
There are no shortcuts to success in language learning. A good memory is a great help, but it is not enough only to memorize the rules from a grammar book. It is not much learning by heart long lists of words and their meanings, studying the dictionary and so on. We must learn by using the language.
If we are pleased with a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language. We must \"learn through use.\" Practice is important. We must practise speaking and writing the language whenever we can.
（1）The most important things to learn a foreign language are .
A. understanding and speaking B. Listening, speaking, reading and writing
C. writing and understanding D. memorizing and listening
（2）Someone hears and writes English very well, but he speaks it very badly. This is because . A.he doesn't understand the language when he hears it spoken B.he doesn't have a good memory
C.he always remembers lists of words and their meanings D.he often hesitates(犹豫)to practise speaking it
（3）One can never learn a foreign language well by . A.doing much practice B.studying the dictionary C.learning through use D.using the language
（4）Which is the most important in learning a foreign language? A.good memory. B.Speaking. C.Practice. D.Writing. 【答案】 （1）B （2）D （3）B （4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了学习一门语言的基本方法和根本方法。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”In order to know a foreign language thoroughly（完全地），four things are necessary.“为了完全了解一门外语，要做好四个方面的准备，故选B。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的”Secondly， we must be able to speak it ourselves， with confidence and without hesitation.“第二，我们必须要自己会说，带着自信而且毫不犹豫。推断有些人说不好，是因为在说这方面，他有犹豫要不要练习说这门语言，故选D。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的”A good memory is a great help， but it is not enough only to memorize the rules from a grammar book.“好的记忆力是会很有帮助，但是光从语法书上记忆语法规则是不够的；以及第三段中的”If we are pleased with a few rules we have memorized， we are not really learning the language. We must \"learn through use.\" Practice is important. “如果我们对于记点语法规则就很满足，但在并不是真正在学语言。我们必须通过使用它来学这门语言。所以选B。
（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”Practice is important. We must practise speaking and writing the language whenever we can.“练习非常重要。我们必须尽可能地练习说和写一门语言，故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
4．阅读理解
A friend is better than fortune. A friend is worse than poison in some cases.
The two sentences above have opposite meanings and seem to be unreasonable but they can be explained as follows: the first refers to all good friends who drive us towards good while the second all bad ones who lead us into bad ways.
My ideal friend is of course a good friend whose goodness is shown below — he has no bad habits such as smoking and drinking. He lives in frugality (节俭). He studies hard so as not to waste his golden time. At home he honors his parents and loves his brothers; at school he respects his teachers and shares the feelings of his classmates. He treats those truly who are true to him. In a word, he has all the good characteristics that I don't have. I can follow him as a model. With his help I can be free from all difficulties.
Indeed, if I have such a person as my friend, I shall never fear difficulty and I shall never know the existence of the word \"failure\". （1）This passage tells us ____. A. how to make friends with others B. how to help friends
C. what kind of person the writer's friend is D. what kind of person we should make friends with
（2）According to the writer, an ideal friend refers to _______. A.a friend without bad habits B.a famous man C.a perfect man D.a respectable man
（3）From the passage we can learn that ________. A.the writer and his ideal friend have a lot to learn from each other B.the writer has a lot to learn from his ideal friend C.the writer's ideal friend has a lot to learn from him D.the writer has only a little to learn from his ideal friend
（4）From the second paragraph, we can infer the writer is sure that _______. A.friendship means a great deal to him B.nothing can be done without friends
C.he who does not smoke or drink must be a good friend D.good friends should always help each other 【答案】 （1）D （2）C （3）B （4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了我们应该交哪种朋友。我们应该交那种在学校尊敬老师，在家爱戴父母认真学习，珍惜时间的朋友。
（1）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文讲述的是我们应该交哪种朋友。我们应该交那种在学校尊敬老师，在家爱戴父母认真学习，珍惜时间的朋友。故选D。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第三段可知理想的朋友就是那些完美的人。故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“I can follow him as a model.\"他是我的楷模，我能从
他身上学习到很多东西。故选B。
（4）考查推理判断。从文章内容可知我很看重生命中的好朋友，一位友谊对我来说意义重大。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读。考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
5．阅读理解
Almost none of us have the time to read everything we'd like to read. Yet we lose countless hours to daily activities that bring us little joy like taking buses and waiting in line. What if we could turn these little blocks of unoccupied time into precious and rewarding moments for learning and reflection?
Founded in 2012, iReader, a micro-learning app on mobile phones, brings the biggest ideas from best-selling books through 15-minute audio (音频) and text. So far, more than 3,000 books have been included, ranging from psychology and parenting to management and economics, with new titles added every day.
Reader is pioneering a new method of reading, with over 9 million users enjoying the benefits already. According to the Pew Research Center (PRC), the British read just 4 paper books a year and over 25% haven't read a single paper book this year, but reading isn't dying. There are now more ways for the British to read than ever before, due to the widespread use of e-books and audio books.
The books in iReader are rewritten to ensure it is easy to remember the main content. The way the content is edited has been specifically designed to ensure it is useful in practice. Besides, the content is rewritten with relevant examples in real life, which means users are more likely to remember and apply what is helpful to them.
Holger Seim, German co-founder of this app, declares, \"iReader gives you the biggest ideas in the shortest possible time. It transforms great ideas into little packs you can listen to or read in just 15 minutes.\"
（1）What does the author suggest people do in the unoccupied time? A. Read and think. B. Write and share. C. Avoid taking buses. D. Bring joy to daily routines. （2）What can we infer from the PRC findings? A.The British benefit a lot from reading.
B.Reading methods are more important than before. C.Digital technology are taking the place of paper books. D.New forms of books are changing the way the British read. （3）How does iReader make the content easy to remember? A.By bringing fun to it. B.By making it useful. C.By using artistic designs. D.By taking users as examples.
（4）What is the best title for the text?
A.iReader Prevents Reading from Dying B.iReader Unites Worldwide Book-lovers C.iReader: The Best New App Creation D.iReader: Big Ideas in Small Packages 【答案】 （1）A （2）D （3）B （4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种阅读方式：iReader。它开创了一种新的阅读方式，已经有超过900万的用户享受到了这种好处，同时也正改变着英国人的阅读方式。
（1）考查细节理解。第一段中的“Almost none of us have the time to read everything we'd like to read.”几乎没有人有时间读我们想读的所有东西；以及最后一段中的“What if we could turn these little blocks of unoccupied time into precious and rewarding moments for learning and reflection?”可知作者认为我们应该把空闲的时间变成宝贵的、有价值的学习和反思的时间，即作者建议我们利用空闲时间来阅读和思考，故选A。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“There are now more ways for the British to read than ever before, due to the widespread use of e-books and audio books.”可知由于电子书和有声书的广泛使用，英国人现在有了比以往更多的阅读方式。即从PRC的发现中我们能得知新的书籍形式正在改变英国人的阅读方式。故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The way the content is edited has been specifically designed to ensure it is useful in practice.”可知iReader通过使得目录有助于实践来让内容更容易记住，故选B。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“iReader gives you the biggest ideas in the shortest possible time. It transforms great ideas into little packs you can listen to or read in just 15 minutes.”可知iReader能在最短的时间内给你最大的想法。它把伟大的想法转化成小包装，你可以在15分钟内听或读。再结合文章内容可知，文章主要是说明了iReader这种新的阅读方式是小包装里的大创意，故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
6．阅读理解
Some African schools are adding programs that teach what officials are calling \"soft skills\" to students. Soft skills are personal qualities that help a person relate effectively to others. Officials say this kind of training can help students succeed in the job market and in life.
The training is being offered at the St. Bernadette Kamonyi Secondary School in Kigali, Rwanda. For weeks, its students have been visiting neighborhood businesses. The goal of these field trips is for the young people to learn what is necessary to secure a job.
For the secondary school students, this information is important. In a few months, they'll
complete their studies and try their best to find work. One of the Rwandan students is 22-year-old Aminadab Niyitegeka. He says he will look for any job available. He hopes that what he learns in his work readiness class will help. Traditionally, secondary schools in Africa have spent more time on subjects like mathematics and science, largely ignoring areas like public speaking and teamwork. But that is changing. Schools are exploring new teaching models to offer soft skills and professional training. It is part of an effort to prepare students to become better communicators, problem solvers and citizens (公民).
Rwanda has started a work readiness training program called Akazi Kanoze Access. It means \"work well done\" in Kinyarwanda, the official language of Rwanda. The program has trained more than 20,000 students to help make them more appealing to employers.
Emmanuel Ntagungira is a teacher and works as a trainer for Akazi Kanoze Access, He often visits employers who have given jobs to high schools. The employers are very happy because the graduates are ready to work. He says he hopes the program will help lower unemployment, which stands at over 13 percent nationwide. He also explains that the graduates have a healthy mindset and employers are satisfied with the job they've been doing. （1）Which of the following is not an example of \"soft skills\"? A.Being competent in software. B.Communicating with others well. C.Making a good speech in public. D.Having a good sense of cooperation.
（2）In what way have secondary schools in Africa changed? A.They focus on mathematics and science.
B.They ignore areas like public speaking and teamwork. C.They apply new teaching methods.
D.They make an effort to offer students soft skills. （3）What can we learn from the passage?
A.The program Kazi Kanoze Access aims to appeal to employers. B.Aminadab Niyitegeka will definitely find a good job after graduation. C.Students with soft skills are likely to get along well with others. D.Students have been visiting neighborhood businesses to secure a job. 【答案】 （1）A （2）D （3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在非洲一些地区和学校实施的“软技能”项目，即关注学生个人品质教学项目的实施情况，这种培训可以帮助学生在就业市场和生活中取得成功。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Soft skills are personal qualities that help a person relate effectively to others”可知，软技能是指人的品质，能帮助人与人之间有效交流的品质。所以软件操作不是个人品质，就不是软技能。故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Traditionally, secondary schools in Africa have spent more time on subjects like mathematics and science, largely ignoring areas like public speaking
and teamwork. But that is changing. Schools are exploring new teaching models to offer soft skills and professional training”可知传统上，非洲的中学花时间在数学和科学等科目上，很大程度上会忽略公共演讲和团队协作等领域。但现在这样的情况正在改变。学校正在探索新的教学模式以提供软技能和专业训练。所以非洲中级学校的改变是他们努力教给学生软技能。故选D。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Soft skills are personal qualities that help a person relate effectively to others. Officials say this kind of training can help students succeed in the job market and in life”可知软技能是指人的品质，能帮助人与人之间有效交流的品质。权威人士说这样的训练能帮助学生在找工作和生活中成功。因此软技能帮学生跟人和睦相处。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
7．阅读理解
A recent documentary produced by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) has caused a stir in China and in the UK.
The documentary, titled Are Our Kids Tough Enough? focuses on five Chinese teachers who are sent to teach 50 UK teens at a school in Hampshire.
The teachers instruct the students for a month. The pupils are then tested, and the results are compared to the ones of those who have continued in the regular UK education system. The idea is to see if the Chinese method improves academic performance.
The Chinese teachers use their own teaching methods but receive strong resistance from the students. A clip from the documentary online shows some problems, with Chinese teachers calling their students lazy and lacking in discipline, while the students say the high pressure and harsh teachers are driving them crazy.
This has aroused a new debate in both China and the UK, with some arguing the teenagers need more regulation and discipline. Others say Chinese methods encourage rote learning (死记硬背) instead of independent thinking. For instance, Chinese language teachers should do more than pass on knowledge about words and characters. They should inspire students, helping them feel the sentiment from Chinese literature. This is a higher level of teaching.
Yang Dongping, dean of the 21st Century Education Research Institute, says, \"The Chinese teaching methods are designed to strictly train the majority. Foreign teaching methods, however, are more natural and relaxing, and designed to inspire students' interest in learning. Education methods are based on culture. That is why a successful education method in one place may not work that well when simply 'transplanted' into another place.\"
Yang Dongping says, \"The documentary does reflect some problems rooted in traditional Chinese teaching methods. Nobel prize winner, Yang Zhenning, gave a very fair comment on this issue. He said the Chinese-style education method works for most ordinary qualified students effectively, helping them reach high standards. However, it may weaken the training for high-potential outstanding students.\"
（1）Why are five Chinese teachers sent to teach 50 UK teens?
A.To test the intelligence of the UK teens.
B.To help the school improve their teaching efficiency. C.To do some practical research into the UK education system. D.To test the effectiveness of Chinese teaching methods.
（2）What's the meaning of the underlined word \"harsh\" in the fourth paragraph? A.Extremely strict B.Quite friendly C.Rather cold D.Very attractive
（3）According to Yang Dongping Chinese teaching methods ______. A.fit all countries B.could be improved C.are the best in the world D.are not as good as British methods 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一部关于教学方法的纪录片在中英两国引起了不小的关注——五名中国老师被派去教英国学生，结果学生很不适应，这说明教学方法是以文化为基础的，在一个国家取得成功的教学方法在另一个国家不一定奏效。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The idea is to see if the Chinese method improves academic performance.”这个想法是为了看看中国的方法是否能提高学习成绩，可知，五名中国老师被派去教英国学生是为了检验中国教学方法的成效。故选D。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“ with Chinese teachers calling their students lazy and lacking in discipline, while the students say the high pressure and harsh teachers are driving them crazy.”中国老师称他们的学生懒惰和缺乏纪律，而学生则说压力太大和严厉的老师让他们发狂。由此可知，划线词意为“严厉的”。故选A。
（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“The Chinese teaching methods are designed to strictly train the majority. Foreign teaching methods, however, are more natural and relaxing, and designed to inspire students' interest in learning. Education methods are based on culture.”可知，杨东平认为，中国的教学方法侧重于严格要求，而英国的教学方法更为自然和轻松，旨在激发学生的学习兴趣，教学方法是以文化为基础的。由此可知，杨东平认为中国的教学方法有待改进。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
8．阅读理解
Young mums shopping in the Copley Mall in downtown Boston-month found themselves being questioned about their use of soap by students from Harvard Business School usually known as
HBS. The students were not doing odd jobs to earn beer money. They were preparing to help a firm in Brazil launch an antibacterial cleanser.
The 900 students arriving in Boston this summer for their two-year course were told that they would be subjects. The new practical addition to HBS's curriculum is known as \"FIELD\" that stands for Field Immersion Experiences for Leadership Development. Fieldwork — ie, going out and talking to people — is a big change for HBS.
Not all the staff and students were overjoyed to be experimented on. But the man responsible, Nitin Nohria, head of HBS, says that \"If it works, the FIELD method could become an equal partner to the case method.\"
What happens in the second year of the new course is still being worked out. But the first year has three elements. First, team-building exercises. Students take turns to lead a group engaged in a project. They learn to cooperate and to give and take feedback. Second, students will be sent to work for a week with one of more than 140 firms in 11 countries. In the third part of the course, students will be given eight weeks, and seed money of ＄3,000 each, to launch a small company. The most successful, as voted by their fellow students, will get more funding. The experiment does not come cheap, adding 5-10% to the course's cost, which HBS will bear while it figures out what works.
（1）Why were the students questioning those young mums, according to the first paragraph? A.To promote an antibacterial cleanser. B.To earn some money.
C.To prepare to help a firm to launch a product. D.To make a study about soap.
（2）According to the plan for the first year course, the students_________. A.will be led by a group and learn to give and take feedback
B.will have to set up a small company and earn at least $3,000 within eight weeks
C.will get more funding if his/her company is considered to be most successful by the fellow students
D.will be sent to work with one of more than 140 firms throughout the country （3）What's the best title for the text? A.A New Course. B.Ways of Learning.
C.Learning Business in Practice. D.Launching a New Business. 【答案】 （1）A （2）C （3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了哈佛大学的一个新方案，即让学生通过实践学习。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“The students were not doing odd jobs to earn beer money. They were preparing to help a firm in Brazil launch an antibacterial cleanser.”可知，这些学生并不在打临时工赚取啤酒钱，他们在帮助一家巴西公司发布一款抗病菌洁面乳做准备
工作。由此可知，学生们询问年轻的妈妈们是为了推广一款抗病菌洁面乳。故选A。 （2）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“The most successful, as voted by their fellow students, will get more funding.”可知，按照同学投票，最成功的公司将给予更丰厚的资金。由此可知，根据第一年的课程计划，如果同学们认为他/她的公司是最成功的，他/她的公司将获得更多的资金。故选C。
（3）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，哈佛商学院改良其商业课程，让学生实地工作，走出教室，与人交谈并且还给出三个具体的要素。就是让学生把学到的知识运用到实践中去，故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
9．阅读理解
Food experts say washing could spread the germs on your turkey in the kitchen sink or nearby food. But it's been a challenge trying to convince cooks to stop rinsing (冲洗)off raw poultry. Germs that can make people sick are common in the guts of healthy poultry and are legally allowed to be on raw turkey and chicken. The assumption is that nobody eats their poultry raw, and that thorough cooking will kill the bacteria.
The do — not — wash raw poultry advice from the USDA is relatively new and perhaps hasn't caught on because it goes against the common belief that washing makes things clean, said Chapman. Benjamin Chapman, a study author and food safety expert at North Carolina State University, said the instinct to wash raw poultry goes back at least decades when people relied more on visual clues to spot problems with poultry. Meanwhile, washing hands and surfaces are also important.
But food preparation is a complicated act, and germs from poultry can be spread even if it's not washed, especially when birds are removed from packaging.
The USDA-funded study stresses that point. Researchers sprayed raw chicken with a harmless strain of E. coli (大肠杆菌)and watched volunteer cooks at test kitchens. Among those who washed their raw chicken, about a quarter ended up spreading the bacteria to their lettuce. But even some of those who did not rinse the chicken got germs on the lettuce. And there are other opportunities for germs to survive on turkeys: melting and cooking.
To ensure a bird is thoroughly cooked, they say to use a thermometer to check that the deepest and thickest parts of it have reached 165 degrees. Even after the meal is cooked, you aren't out of the danger zone. To keep turkeys and other leftovers safe, experts say they should be refrigerated after two hours.
（1）People don't accept USDA's advice because____. A.the advice is relatively new B.cleaning seems more trustworthy C.cooks clean the turkey before cooking it D.heat can kill most germs and no one eats raw food （2）What can be concluded from Paragraph 4? A.Food packages carry germs.
B.Hands and surfaces are easy to get E. coli.
C.Germs from a turkey can be spread whether it is washed or not. D.Multiple methods should be applied to food to get rid of germs. （3）Which way may help to cook a turkey safely? A.Rinse off the turkey before it is heated.
B.Keep the turkey away from the lettuce and refrigerator. C.Wash hands and packages before taking out the turkey. D.Use a thermometer to check the temperature of the turkey.
（4）From which section of a magazine is the text probably taken? A.Culture. B.Science. C.Education. D.Medicine. 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）D （4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，食品专家说清洗可能会在厨房水槽或附近的食物中传播火鸡身上的细菌，但美国农业部的研究强调无论是否被清洗，火鸡身上的细菌都会传播，同时指出用温度计检查火鸡的温度有助于安全地烹饪火鸡。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The do — not — wash raw poultry advice from the USDA is relatively new and perhaps hasn't caught on because it goes against the common belief that washing makes things clean, said Chapman.”查普曼说，美国农业部提出的“不清洗生禽”的建议相对较新，但可能还没有流行起来，因为这违背了人们普遍认为的“清洗可以使东西干净”的观念，可知，人们不接受美国农业部的建议是因为清洗似乎更值得信赖，故选B。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Among those who washed their raw chicken, about a quarter ended up spreading the bacteria to their lettuce. But even some of those who did not rinse the chicken got germs on the lettuce. And there are other opportunities for germs to survive on turkeys: melting and cooking.”在那些清洗生鸡肉的人中，约四分之一的人最终将细菌传播到生菜上，但即使是一些没有清洗鸡肉的人，生菜上也有细菌，火鸡身上的细菌还有其他生存的机会：融化和烹饪，可知，不管火鸡是否被清洗，它身上的细菌都会传播，故选C。
（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“To ensure a bird is thoroughly cooked, they say to use a thermometer to check that the deepest and thickest parts of it have reached 165 degrees.”为了确保一只家禽被彻底煮熟，他们说要用温度计检查它最深和最厚的部分是否达到165度，可知，用温度计检查火鸡的温度有助于安全地烹饪火鸡，故选D。
（4）考查推理判断。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了食品专家说清洗可能会在厨房水槽或附近的食物中传播火鸡身上的细菌，但美国农业部的研究强调无论是否被清洗，火鸡身上的细菌都会传播，同时指出用温度计检查火鸡的温度有助于安全地烹饪火鸡，这属于科学范畴，因此这篇文章最有可能出自于杂志的科学版块，故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
10．阅读理解
We may be living in the digital age but reading books is still a big part of growing up. When they're in primary school, children read books that really challenge them. But once they reach secondary school, the level of difficulty doesn't change much. Secondary school students tend to read books which are also read by upper primary students. They are not challenging themselves enough.
To discover these trends, I analyzed data collected by Accelerated Reader (AR) software, which asks pupils to check their understanding of the books they've chosen to read. The difficulty — which I call \"readability\".
I also created two lists of books: one for the books that most secondary pupils had chosen to read, and another for the books they had voted as their favorites. According to the readability, these students' favorite books tend to be much more advanced than the other books they chose, but they could still understand them. The rest of the books most often chosen by them are quite simple.
You might think that students who read harder books might make more mistakes and understand them less well. But students' quality of comprehension does not depend on the difficulty of the book, no matter what year of secondary school they're in. Having an interest is the most obvious factor here — if you like the book, you try hard to really understand it. As children become teenagers, they listen less to advice from adults and more to advice from kids of their age. So, rather than trying to lecture young people on the benefits of Jane Austen, we should make the nature of the problem clear to them. Students should challenge each other to read more difficult books. Adults could help by setting up noticeboards or organizing social media networks for young people to share their recommendations. And teachers can lend a hand by setting aside time for reading in school. Young people will realize the problems that come when they don't challenge themselves to read difficult books. （1）What can we learn from the first paragraph? A.Children spend little time on after-class reading B.Secondary school students seldom read tough books C.Children's reading interest tends to decrease as they grow up D.Primary students have difficulty choosing good reading materials （2）The author made use of AR software to ________. A.understand children's different reading styles B.show the average time children spend on reading C.find out the causes of children's reading difficulties D.make clear the difficulty levels of books read by children
（3）What can we infer about secondary school students from the readability scores? A.They find some advanced books interesting B.They often make mistakes during advanced reading
C.They prefer to read books recommended by their parents D.They can hardly improve their scores on reading comprehension
（4）According to Paragraph 4, what is vital for improving reading comprehension? A.Basic knowledge B.Reading skills C.Motivation D.Instruction
（5）What does the author want to express in the last paragraph? A.Designing relatively difficult textbooks is necessary B.Improving students' reading is a shared responsibility C.Advanced technology should be used in reading reaching D.Students should be encouraged to read more literary works 【答案】 （1）B （2）D （3）A （4）C （5）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者通过对初中生阅读能力的一项调查讨论了如何提高他们的阅读能力—兴趣动力。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“But once they reach secondary school, the level of difficulty doesn't change much. Secondary school students tend to read books which are also read by upper primary students. They are not challenging themselves enough.”但是一旦他们进入中学，学习的难度并没有太大的变化。中学生喜欢读小学高年级学生也读的书。他们没有足够的挑战自己，可知，初中生在阅读难度方面没有提高。故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“To discover these trends, I analyzed data collected by Accelerated Reader (AR) software, which asks pupils to check their understanding of the books they've chosen to read. The difficulty — which I call ‘readability’.”为了发现这些趋势，我分析了加速阅读(AR)软件收集的数据，该软件要求学生检查他们对所选书籍的理解。这个困难——我称之为“可读性”，可知，AR软件是用来评测学生阅读难度的。故选D。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“According to the readability, these students' favorite books tend to be much more advanced than the other books they chose, but they could still understand them. The rest of the books most often chosen by them are quite simple.”根据可读性，这些学生最喜欢的书往往比他们选择的其他书更高级/有难度，但他们仍然可以理解他们。他们最常选择的其他书都很简单，可知选A。
（4）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Having an interest is the most obvious factor here — if you like the book, you try hard to really understand it.”兴趣是最明显的因素——如果你喜欢这本书，你会努力去真正理解它，可知，兴趣或动力对于提高阅读理解能力来说很重要。故选C。
（5）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Students should challenge each other to read more difficult books. Adults could help by setting up noticeboards or organizing social media networks
for young people to share their recommendations. And teachers can lend a hand by setting aside time for reading in school. Young people will realize the problems that come when they don't challenge themselves to read difficult books.”学生们应该互相挑战，多读些难懂的书。成年人可以通过设立公告栏或组织社交媒体网络来帮助年轻人分享他们的推荐。老师可以通过在学校留出阅读时间来帮助学生。年轻人会意识到，如果他们不挑战自己去读难懂的书，问题就会出现，可知，作者在建议提高学生阅读能力方面，将责任分别划分到了学生、老师、家长身上。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
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